The Evolution ofGoogle
Hummingbird
2014 2015 2017 201
9
2021 2022-2023 2024
From Search Engine to Answer Engine
RankBrain Mobile First,
Featured
Snippets,
Transformer
BERT MUM &
NavBoost
Helpful Content
Update
AI Overviews
2025
AI Mode &
Web Guide
ChatGPT’s Growth
100M
Users withintwo
months of launch
92%
of Fortune 500
companies use
ChatGPT
2.5B
Prompts
sent daily
5th
Most visited
website in the
world
800M
Weekly active users by
end of 2025
AI Overviews
2B+
Monthly activeusers
worldwide
16-25%
AIO shown in Google
searches
(US, Desktop*)
200+
Countries where AI
Overviews is live and
40+ languages
10%+
Increase in search
volume for queries
that generate AIO
*SEMRush, 2025
15.
The reality ofAI assistant market share:
- Patrick Stox, Ahrefs
AI Mode
• Googlehas added extensive links and CTAs to
use AI Mode (Omnibox, Google App)
• 75 million active users in December 2025
• Usage increased by 4x throughout 2025, now
over 1% of Google search volume
• Best for longer, complex queries
• 93% of AI Mode searches are zero click
18.
Web Guide
• AI-poweredreorganization of the SERP
• Uses query fan-out to run multiple
searches and cluster search results by
intent
• Potential “future of search”
19.
Google’s New
AI Products
Gemini3
Nano
Banana
Google
Antigravity
Project
Astra
Veo Flow Gemma
Project
Mariner
NotebookLM LearnLM AI Mode Alphafold
THE AI ”CODERED” REVERSAL
THE TABLES
TURNED
‘Google’s management has
reportedly issued a ’code red’
amid rising popularity of the
ChatGPT AI’
‘OpenAI CEO Declared ‘Code Red’
to Combat Threats to ChatGPT,
Delays Ads Effort’
2022 2025
The role ofsocial & 3rd party mentions
Third-Party Mentions
Listicles & Review Sites
Entity Validation
& Trust
Social Media
UGC highly cited Recency & authenticity
Traditional SEO:
Backlinks &
Clicks
AI Search (AEO):
Citations & Brand Mentions
34.
AI search isbecoming increasingly
personalized
Personalization
User A
Search
User B
Search
Should I allowmy content to be used in
training data and/or live retrieval?
To block content from
Google/Open AI:
To block content from
Google AI Overviews:
User-agent: GPTBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: OAI-SearchBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: Google-Extended
Disallow: /
<meta name=“robots” content=“nosnippet”>
38.
Can my publicationnegotiate a deal with
OpenAI or Google?
OpenAI Data
Partnerships
Licensing Fees
Google News
Initiative
Cash grants
and/or
monthly fees
Cloudfare: new productsto manage AI crawling for publishers
AI CRAWL
CONTROL
PAY-PER-
CRAWL
MARKETPLACE
CONTENT
SIGNALS POLICY
&
CREDENTIALING
MANAGED
ROBOTS.TXT
43.
The most citedpages in AI search come from
affiliate & product review sites
The role ofbrand mentions
AI search relies on entity recognition:
numerous, trustworthy brand mentions
are key to building
trust and legitimacy
[brand] + [best ____product/service___]
What about affiliatesites?
31K keywords in positions
1-3 (Ahrefs)
2.2k keywords in
Google AI Overviews
FITNESS
REVIEW SITE
Reviewed by professional trainers
Original photography
Robust review methodology
Videos of review process
First-person opinions & insights
#6 Over the last decade, Google shifted from keyword matching to a deep understanding of human intent,
Hummingbird and RankBrain taught the engine to recognize 'entities' rather than just strings of text.
By 2017, Google researchers invented the Transformer architecture – brain for modern AI
which they used to launch BERT in 2019 to master sentence context and MUM in 2021 to handle complex, multimodal tasks
However, while Google focused on perfecting search rankings, many of its key Transformer architects moved to OpenAI
to apply that same technology to generative conversation, eventually launching ChatGPT
Now: moved past blue links into the era of AI Overviews, where the search engine has officially become a proactive answer engine
#8 Closest other code red – company-wide mandate in 2011 – social circle / facebook
#9 ChatGPT is officially the fastest-growing startup in history, reaching 100 million users in just two months and scaling to nearly a billion weekly actives in record time.
100M users - It took TikTok nine months to reach this milestone and Instagram two and a half years.
#11 OpenAI’s infrastructure (APIs and reasoning models) enables the functionality of some of the tools in the other three columns.
Most of these apps became successful due to ChatGPT’s success.
Coding tools: These are largely built directly on top of the models that power ChatGPT (GPT-4o, o1).
While some of these tools are directly powered by OpenAI’s engines, others leverage the same foundational 'Transformer’ (the T in chatgpt) architecture to translate human prompts into high-quality creative output."
#12 MCP: A standardized way for ChatGPT to "plug into" a company's live data (CRM, Slack, Google Drive, or SQL databases) without custom API work for every integration.
SDK: This allows developers to build full applications with interactive UIs that live inside the ChatGPT window
ACP: A protocol (developed with Stripe) that enables "Instant Checkout." It allows AI agents to securely handle payments, shipping info, and merchant negotiations.
#15 AI Overviews technically has 2.1 billion MAUs, compared to ChatGPT 1 billion MAUs
But ChatGPT needs to win every visit
#19 Google has moved beyond providing simple 'answers' to building a complete world of AI Agents that can act on your behalf
Google’s strategic investment in next-generation AI is anchored by the Gemini 3 architecture, which powers a diverse ecosystem of specialized tools ranging from the Veo 3 video engine to the Antigravity agentic coding platform.
By integrating these advanced models into consumer and enterprise products like Flow and Project Mariner, Google is shifting from simple generative assistants to autonomous "AI agents" capable of executing complex, multi-step tasks across the web.
#24 In December 2025, Google launched a major legal offensive by suing SerpApi, a prominent scraping service that many AI companies, including OpenAI, reportedly use to bypass Google's restrictions and feed real-time search data into their models.
Google is effectively attempting to shut down the back door OpenAI uses to maintain the accuracy of ChatGPT’s current events.
#25 The Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) is an open standard designed for the future of commerce, empowering you to turn AI interactions into instant sales.
Adopt UCP to enable agentic actions on Google AI Mode and Gemini, starting with direct buying.
#26 1.3 billion iphone users worldwide
130 million in US
grants Gemini native access to over two billion active devices and effectively neutralizes OpenAI’s attempt to dominate the mobile AI layer.
By becoming the core "reasoning engine" for the Apple ecosystem, Google moves from a defensive position to a distribution powerhouse, forcing OpenAI to rely on its standalone app rather than deep system integration.
#27 December 2025
OpenAI declared a "code red" in late 2025 to shift the company's focus toward improving the speed, reliability, and personalization of ChatGPT following intense competitive pressure from Google’s Gemini 3.
#42 AI Crawl Control: A dashboard to identify AI bots and manage them with one click—allowing, blocking, or monitoring their access.
Pay-per-Crawl Marketplace: A tool that forces AI companies to pay a fee before they can scrape your content for training.
Content Signals Policy & Credentialing: A set of digital labels that tell AI models exactly how they can use your data (e.g., "Search only, no training")
Managed Robots.txt: An automated file that Cloudflare updates in real-time to block new AI scrapers as they emerge, removing the need for manual updates. Improves performance & load times.
#43 Negotiate "Fixed-Fee" Citation Placements: As brands realize that AI models cite you to form their "opinions," your site becomes a PR asset. You can charge brands a premium or a flat monthly fee to ensure they are featured in the "Top 3" of your reviews, specifically because that inclusion increases their "Share of Voice" in AI responses.
Pay-Per-Citation Agreements: Some advanced affiliate programs are moving toward a model where you are paid when your content is cited by an AI engine for a specific high-value prompt, even if the user doesn't click through immediately.
Must label sponsored content