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Plant fibres used as surgical dressings & Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures, Pharmacognosy Chapter -6, D Pharm-I Year.
CHAPTER -6 Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool, and regenerated fibres.. Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures
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Plant fibres used as surgical dressings & Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures, Pharmacognosy Chapter -6, D Pharm-I Year.
- 1. Name –Arun Kumar AssistantProfessor Department of Pharmaceutics Sai Meer college of pharmacy, Chhibramau, Kannauj
- 2. A presentation on Pharmacognosy Chapter-6 Presented by Arun Kumar Sai Meer College of Pharmacy
- 3. CHAPTER -6 Plant fibresused as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool, and regenerated fibres.. Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures
- 4. Plant fibres areobtained from plants and are widely used in surgical dressings to cover wounds, absorb blood and exudates, and prevent infection. Examples:- Cotton, silk, wool, and regenerated fibres Plant Fibres Used as Surgical Dressings
- 5. Biological source: Fibres obtainedfrom the seed hairs of Gossypium species Gossypium herbaceum (Levant cotton) Family:- Malvaceae Chemical nature: Almost pure cellulose (about 99%) Preparation of absorbent cotton: Raw cotton contains wax, fats, and colouring matter, which make it non- absorbent. These impurities are removed by alkali treatment (with sodium hydroxide), followed by washing and bleaching, producing absorbent cotton. 1. Cotton
- 6. Characters: White, soft,and odourless Highly absorbent Non-irritant and non-toxic Uses: Dressing of wounds Absorption of blood and pus Preparation of surgical swabs and bandages
- 7. Silk is anatural animal fibre, commonly used in surgical sutures and dressing materials because of its strength and flexibility. Biological Source Silk is obtained from the cocoons of the silkworm Bombyx mori Family:- Bombycidae Chemical Nature Mainly composed of fibroin (protein) Outer covering contains sericin (gum-like protein), which is removed during processing 2. Silk
- 8. Characters Smooth, soft,and lustrous fibre High tensile strength Flexible and easy to handle Less absorbent than cotton Preparation (Surgical Silk) Cocoons are boiled to remove sericin (degumming) Fibres are then sterilized and twisted to form surgical silk threads
- 9. Uses Used asnon-absorbable surgical sutures Used in ligatures Occasionally used in special dressing materials Advantages Strong and easy to knot Good handling properties Disadvantages Causes a mild tissue reaction Non-absorbable (requires removal after healing)
- 10. Wool is anatural animal fibre obtained from sheep and is used in surgical dressings mainly in the form of absorbent wool. Biological Source Wool is obtained from the hair (fleece) of sheep, Ovis aries Family:- Bovidae Chemical Nature Mainly composed of keratin (protein) Contains sulphur-containing amino acids 3. Wool
- 11. Characters Soft, curlyfibres Non-lustrous Less absorbent in natural form due to the presence of fats (lanolin) Preparation of Absorbent Wool Raw wool contains lanolin, fats, and impurities These are removed by alkali treatment and washing After purification, wool becomes absorbent wool
- 12. Uses Used as surgicaldressing material Padding material under bandages Absorption of exudates and discharges Advantages Soft and cushioning Provides warmth and protection to wounds Disadvantages Less absorbent than cotton May cause allergic reactions in some patients
- 13. Regenerated fibres arefibres obtained by chemical processing of natural polymers (mainly cellulose) and then regenerating them into fibre form. These fibres are widely used in surgical dressings due to their uniformity and absorbency. Source Prepared from natural cellulose, mainly obtained from Wood pulp Cotton linters Chemical Nature Cellulose (regenerated form) Regenerated Fibres
- 14. 1. Rayon (ViscoseRayon) Preparation: Cellulose is treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulphide to form cellulose xanthate, which is then extruded into an acid bath to regenerate cellulose fibres. Types of Regenerated Fibres Used in Surgery
- 15. Characters: White, smoothfibres Highly absorbent Uniform thickness Uses: Surgical dressings Bandages Absorbent pads
- 16. 2. Cellulose Acetate(limited use) Preparation: Cellulose is acetylated and then spun into fibres. Characters: Less absorbent than rayon Smooth and strong Uses: Limited surgical applications
- 17. Advantages of RegeneratedFibres High absorbency Uniform quality Free from natural impurities Easily sterilized Disadvantages Lower wet strength compared to cotton Less durable
- 18. Sutures – SurgicalCatgut and Ligatures Sutures:- Sutures are surgical threads used to close wounds, hold tissues together, and ligate blood vessels during surgical procedures. Classification of sutures I. Classification Based on Absorbability 1. Absorbable Sutures These sutures are absorbed by body tissues after a certain period and do not require removal.
- 19. Examples: Surgical catgut (plainand chromic) Polyglycolic acid (PGA) Polyglactin (Vicryl) Uses: Internal suturing Ligating blood vessels
- 20. 2. Non-Absorbable Sutures Thesesutures are not absorbed and usually require removal after wound healing. Examples: Silk Cotton Linen Nylon Polyester Uses: Skin suturing External wounds
- 21. II. Classification Basedon Origin 1. Natural Sutures Obtained from plant or animal sources. Examples: Catgut (animal) Silk (animal) Cotton, linen (plant)
- 22. 2. Synthetic Sutures Preparedby chemical synthesis. Examples: Nylon Polypropylene Polyglycolic acid III. Classification Based on Structure 1. Monofilament Sutures Single smooth strand Less tissue reaction Lower infection risk Example: Nylon
- 23. 2. Multifilament Sutures Madeof braided or twisted fibres. Examples: Silk Cotton Linen IV. Based on Coating 1. Coated Sutures Surface treated to improve handling. Examples: Chromic catgut Silicone-coated nylon
- 24. 2. Uncoated Sutures Examples: Plain catgut Cotton
- 25. Surgical Catgut Definition Surgical catgutis an absorbable natural surgical suture obtained from animal connective tissue and used for suturing internal tissues and ligating blood vessels. Biological Source Prepared from the submucosal layer of the small intestine of sheep or goats Family: Bovidae
- 26. Chemical Nature Composedmainly of collagen (protein) Preparation 1.The small intestine is cleaned and split into ribbons 2.Treated with alkali or enzymes 3.Ribbons are twisted into threads 4.Polished, sterilized, and packed
- 29. Types of SurgicalCatgut 1.Plain Catgut Untreated catgut Absorbed in 7–10 days 2.Chromic Catgut Treated with chromium salts Absorption delayed to 20–30 days Characters Smooth, yellowish thread Flexible and strong Absorbable in body tissues
- 30. Uses Suturing internaltissues Ligating blood vessels Surgical operations where the removal of sutures is not possible Advantages Absorbable No need for removal Disadvantages Causes tissue reaction Absorption rate is not uniform
- 31. Ligatures Definition Ligatures are surgicalthreads or materials used to tie blood vessels or other tubular structures in order to control bleeding (haemostasis) during surgical procedures. Types of Ligatures 1. Absorbable Ligatures The body absorbs these ligatures over time. Examples: Plain catgut Chromic catgut Uses: Tying internal blood vessels
- 32. 2. Non-Absorbable Ligatures Theseligatures are not absorbed and may remain in the body. Examples: Silk Cotton Linen Nylon Materials Used as Ligatures Catgut (most commonly used) Silk Cotton Linen
- 33. Characters of anIdeal Ligature High tensile strength Easily knotable Sterile and non-toxic Causes minimal tissue reaction Uses of Ligatures Control of haemorrhage Tying blood vessels during surgical operations
- 34. Difference Between Suturesand Ligatures Sutures Ligatures Used to stitch tissues Used to tie blood vessels May close wounds Prevent bleeding Example: Catgut, Silk Example: Catgut, Silk
- 35. 1. Cotton usedfor surgical dressing is obtained from: A. Stem fibres B. Root fibres C. Seed hairs D. Leaf fibres 2. The botanical source of cotton is: A. Linum usitatissimum B. Gossypium species C. Bombyx mori D. Ovis aries 3. The chemical nature of absorbent cotton is: A. Keratin B. Fibroin C. Cellulose D. Collagen 4. Silk used in surgical practice is obtained from: A. Hair of sheep B. Stem of flax C. Cocoon of silkworm D. Seed hairs of cotton
- 36. 5. The silkwormused for producing surgical silk is: A. Antheraea mylitta B. Bombyx mori C. Corchorus olitorius D. Linum usitatissimum 6. The chief chemical constituent of silk is: A. Cellulose B. Keratin C. Fibroin D. Collagen 7. Wool used in surgical dressing is obtained from: A. Goat hair B. Camel hair C. Sheep hair D. Horse hair 8. The chemical nature of wool is: A. Cellulose B. Keratin C. Fibroin D. Collagen
- 37. 9. Raw woolis non-absorbent due to the presence of: A. Cellulose B. Sericin C. Lanolin D. Fibroin 10. Regenerated fibres used in surgical dressings are prepared mainly from: A. Proteins B. Fats C. Cellulose D. Starch 11. Which of the following is a regenerated cellulose fibre? A. Silk B. Wool C. Rayon D. Linen 12. Sutures are defined as: A. Materials used to pack wounds B. Threads used to close wounds C. Drugs used to prevent bleeding D. Antiseptic materials
- 38. 13. Surgical catgutis obtained from: A. Skin of sheep B. Tendon of cattle C. Small intestine of sheep or goat D. Cocoon of silkworm 14. The chemical nature of surgical catgut is: A. Cellulose B. Keratin C. Fibroin D. Collagen 15. Surgical catgut is classified as: A. Non-absorbable suture B. Synthetic suture C. Absorbable natural suture D. Plant fibre suture 16. Chromic catgut differs from plain catgut because it is: A. Non-absorbable B. Made from silk C. Treated with chromium salts D. Synthetic in nature
- 39. 17. Chromic catgutis absorbed in approximately: A. 2–3 days B. 7–10 days C. 20–30 days D. 2–3 months 18. Ligatures are mainly used to: A. Stitch skin B. Absorb wound exudates C. Tie blood vessels D. Sterilize wounds 19. The most commonly used absorbable ligature is: A. Silk B. Cotton C. Linen D. Catgut 20. Which of the following is a non-absorbable ligature? A. Plain catgut B. Chromic catgut C. Silk D. Surgical catgut
- 40. Answers Q1 (C), Q2(B), Q3 (C), Q4 (C), Q5 (B), Q6 (C), Q7 (C), Q8 (B), Q9 (C), Q10 (C), Q11 (C), Q12 (B), Q13 (C), Q14 (D), Q15 (C), Q16 (C), Q17 (C), Q18 (C), Q19 (D), Q20 (C).
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