Overview-Swine-Production-and-Breeds-of-Swine.pptx

Prepared by:
Crismelyn S. Baliling

COMMON TERM USED IN SWINE
PRODUCTION
1. Pig – Refers to all animals belong to the order Suidae
2. Boar- fully mature male swine used in breeding.
3. Sow- fully mature female swine that have undergone breeding
and farrowing.
4. Farrowing- The act of giving birth in swine.
5. Nursing/lactating sow- Sow that currently sucking or nursing
piglets.
6. Dry sow- A sow that is not active in breeding or nursing
7. Piglet- young swine of any sex about 1-2 months old.

COMMON TERM USED IN SWINE
PRODUCTION
1. Barrow- male mature swine castrated before puberty.
2. Weaning- the process of separating piglets from its mother (30-45 days).
3. Growing Pig- young swine, specifically those after weaning and before
reaching market weight, transitioning from starter feeds to grower diets
as they build muscle and body mass. Also know as a replacement pigs
that are meant to replace the old/retiring breeding boar/sow.
4. The feeder pig- A swine that has been weaned and started to eat solid
and further growth until finishing for market.
5. Finisher pigs- Pigs that re on last stage of growth and are nearing for
slaughter or market weighing 90-110kg and aging about 4.5-5 months.
6. Gilt- female swine that has not farrowed
7. Litter- piglet born in one farrowing

B. Types of Swine
Operation
• Farrow to Feeder
( Weanling Production)
•Farrow to Finish
•Feeder to Finish

Activities needed if you are planning to have
swine production or farming.
1. Locating the Farm Site
a. Favorable climate and soil – Place with mild
climate and good rainfall distribution is suitable
for swine farming. Good soil holds enough
moisture for plants and creates mild environment
while preventing build up of parasite.
b. Distance- Easy access to urban area, source of
supplies and market.

Activities needed if you are planning to have swine production or farming.
1. Locating the Farm Site
c. Good peace and order- Quite and orderly place are
conducive for farming.
d. Physical Characteristics of the land – Flat to gently
rolling topography reduces stress during transport
and provide good drainage.
e. Present of natural provision- naturally growing trees
create cool environment. Rivers and hills can be a
source of cheap water and natural barriers.
f. Size of the land- there must be substantial area to
allow future expansion and production of feed crops.

2. Establishing the essential farm
Structures
a.Swine house
b.Tools and Equipment

A. Swine Housing
1. Backyard farming – Backyard are Barely housed and loosely
confined. Others are tethered.

A. Swine Housing
1. Commercial Farming
A swine house in commercial swine
farming is a purpose-built structure
designed to provide pigs with a clean,
safe, and controlled environment that
promotes optimal growth, health, and
productivity. It is constructed to ensure
proper ventilation, temperature
regulation, sanitation, drainage, and
efficient space utilization, while allowing
easy feeding, watering, waste
management, and disease control.

Commercial Farming (components of
commercial swine house)
1. Breeding Unit- is where the breeding animal are mated and
confined. The building is divided into sow and boar pens which may
also serve as breeding pen.

Commercial Farming (components of commercial
swine house)
2. Gestating Unit- is where the pregnant animals are kept. Inside
the gestating unit are gestating pens for pregnant pigs. a 7 x 2 ft
metal/wood enclosure in which pregnant sow are confined during
pregnancy and in most of her adult life.

swine house)
3. Farrowing unit- The unit is
where pregnant sows that
are due to give birth are
confined. The farrowing unit
is composed of farrowing
pens. The crates restricts
the sow movement thus
preventing the piglets from
crushing

swine house)
4. Lactating/ Nursery Unit- A
nursery unit is facility or
building design specifically
to house newly weaned pigs
until they reach the
grower/finisher stage.

The Nursery unit has nursing stall
Milk Replacer

Commercial Farming (components of commercial swine house)
5. The Growing- finishing Unit- is where the feeder pig and
growing replacement pigs are housed

Swine house System
1. One unit system- in this system sow are removed when the
piglets reach weaning age. The pigs remains in the same building
from farrowing until they reach the desired weight for
slaughtering.

Swine house System
2. two- unit system- the sows and piglets remain in the farrowing
house until the piglet are weaned. The weanling are transferred
to a growing-finishing house.

Swine house System
3. Three- unit system-The sows and piglets remain in the
farrowing house until weaning. The weanlings are moved to a
nursery house and finally to a growing- finishing unit where they
stay until they are ready for slaughter.

Swine house System
4. Four Unit system- The sows and piglets remain in the
farrowing house until weaning. After weaning, piglets are
moved to nursery house, then to a growing and finally to a
finishing house until they are ready for slaughter.

Water trough (plastic/concrete/wood)
For outdoor pigs

Bowl drinker
For Swine kept individually like sows and
boars

Nipple drinker can be used for any class of pigs

Wheel or Floor water basin
Recommended for
growing pigs
kept in group.

Creep Feeder Used for creep feeding for
nursing piglets

Feed bunk
(Plastic or metal)
For Swine keep individually

Rectangular Feed bunk
(Plastic or metal)
Concrete feeding trough
Used in traditional fixed house
Portable plastic feeding
trough
For outdoor feeding

Wallow as cooling facility for
swine

Overhead Sprinkler
Ambient temperature. The suggested optimum range of
air temperatures for gestating gilts and sows is 60-
68°F

The landrace is a white colored meat type (freckles
may appear). It has a large hanging ears and a
small head. The neck and body are long and
narrow. The land is highly prolific, superior in feed
LANDRACE

The large white is white colored meat type of pig with
medium, erect ears. The face is slightly dished. It is fast
growing, good feed converter, highly prolific, excellent
milkers with superior mothering ability. it adapt well in
confinement but not in rugged condition.
YORK SHIRE/ LARGE WHITE

The Duroc is a meat type, red pig (gold to yellow) with a set
small, forward, 2/3 erect and 1/3 hanging. It has good body
constitution, strong legs, good motherly ability and fast grower,
good milker and are prolific. This breed adapt well on ragged
DUROC

The Pietrain is very meat type of pig with spotted black and white
color. It has well shaped hams, lion and shoulder. Ear is erect. The
carcass has high lean meat percentage but has a poor body
constitution. Feed efficiency is not really good and they are a little bit
PIETRAIN

The Hampshire is a black colored meat type of pig with white belted
body from the shoulder to the front legs with strong, short and
erect ear. The Hampshire is prolific, show good mothering ability,
average daily gain is acceptable. They are adapted to rugged
HAMSHIRE

The Berkshire is a black dual type of pig with six white points
(face, feet and switch of the tail). It has a wide, dish-shaped
face, short snout and medium size erect ears. The carcass
quality is excellent. It is not highly prolific, poor in feed
POLAND CHINA/ BERKSHIRE

1. Kaman- upgrades pig native pig (Batangas) with
Berkshire
2. Diani- upgrades pig native pig (Batangas) with
Duroc.
3. Black Ilocos.
4. Berkjala Strain- 5/8 Berkshire and 3/8
JalaJala native pig (Rizal)
The Philippine Native
Swine

1. INBREEDING
Breeding of closely-related animals. This is done to purify the blood
line of the animals since the similarity of the animals within the group is
increased. Strong and weak points of the animals will be exposed
under this system.
Types of Inbreeding:
• Close Inbreeding – Mating of very closely related individuals (e.g.,
father-daughter, brother-sister).
• Linebreeding – A milder form of inbreeding that focuses on
maintaining desirable traits from a common ancestor while reducing
negative effects.

2. PUREBREEDS
• Pure breeding. A system of breeding wherein unrelated animals of the
same breed are mated to each other, resulting to the production of
purebreds. This is done to maintain the breed.
• Example: FATHER MOTHER
Landrace x Landrace
Duroc x Duroc
Large white x Large white

3. CROSSBREED
• Breeding of two animals from different breeds. This is practiced to
combine traits of different breeds. This is the system recommended
for the production of slaughter pigs.
• It is highly recommended for the production of market hogs for twofor
two important reasons
a) to obtain hybrid vigor or heterosis which is defined as
b) to bring together the desirable characteristics of the parental breeds.
Example: Mother Father
Landrace x Duroc
1/2 Landrace & 1/ Duroc (Hybrid)

4. UPGRADING
• Upgrading is a system of breeding wherein an inferior
breed is improved by continued crossing. It is commonly
used among native breeds. The native breeds are usually
crossed with pure breeds of swine.
For Example: Female x Male
Batangas (Native) Duroc
Diani

Overview-Swine-Production-and-Breeds-of-Swine.pptx

More Related Content

Similar to Overview-Swine-Production-and-Breeds-of-Swine.pptx

Recently uploaded

Overview-Swine-Production-and-Breeds-of-Swine.pptx