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Nursing management of patient with kidney and urinary system
RENAL TUMOR PPT PRESENTATION FOR B.SC 4TH SEM
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Nursing management of patient with kidney and urinary system
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- 2. INTRODUCTION Renal tumors, alsoknown as kidney tumors, are growths within the kidneys that can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These tumors can vary in size and behavior, with some being small and localized while others can grow rapidly and spread.
- 3. DEFINITION A Renal tumoris a mass or group of abnormal cells that form on your kidney. They may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant ( cancerous).
- 4. RISK FACTORS Smoking Obesity High BloodPressure (Hypertension) •Family History •Occupational Exposure(chemical exposure) •Long-term Dialysis •Chronic Kidney Disease •Long-term use of certain pain medicines •Age: (increases with age. ) •Hepatitis C infection •Kidney stones •Family history
- 5. TYPES OF RENALTUMOR 1-BENIGN TUMOR 2-MALIGNANT TUMOR Benign tumor: benign tumor is a non-cancerous growth that doesn't spread to other parts of the body or invade nearby tissues. -Renal Oncocytoma: A benign tumor in the kidney often found incidentally during imaging for other reasons, and may not cause any symptoms or require treatment.
- 6. Angiomyolipoma: A commonbenign renal tumor , primarily affecting the kidneys, that is composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue. that can sometimes cause life-threatening hemorrhage if it ruptures
- 7. •Renal Adenoma: Abenign tumor that can be either papillary, tubular, or alveolar •their size, typically less than 1.5 cm (or sometimes 5 mm) in diameter.
- 8. 2- MALIGNANT TUMOR Malignantkidney tumors spread from into the fat, blood vessels or adrenal gland around your kidneys. They may then spread to other areas of your body through your bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors. The name of this process is metastasis. ●Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. It develops in the lining of the small tubes (renal tubules) within the kidney. RCC often grows as a single tumor, but it can also develop in both kidneys.
- 9. STAGE -1 Renal cell carcinoma Isconfined to the kidney STAGE -2 RCC Extend through the renal Capsule but Is confined to Gerota’s Fascia a thin layer of connective tissue surrounding the kidneys & adrenal glands. STAGE-3 Renal cell carcinoma Involves the renal vein or inferior vena cava . STAGE -4 Renal cell carcinoma Has spread to local adjacent organs or to distant sites. STAGE OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
- 14. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION •Blood inthe urine (hematuria) •Flank pain •Palpable mass: A lump or mass in the abdomen, side, or lower back. •Unexplained weight loss •Fatigue: Feeling very tired or weak, even after resting. •Fever •Loss of appetite •Swelling in the legs or ankles •High blood pressure •Anemia •Swelling in the legs and ankles
- 15. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION •Medical Historyand Physical Exam •Blood and Urine Tests: These tests can help identify abnormalities in kidney function or indicate the presence of blood or other substances in the urine, which might be a sign of a tumor. •Imaging Tests: •Ultrasound: This non-invasive test uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys, helping to identify masses or abnormalities. •CT Scan: A computed tomography scan uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the kidneys, allowing doctors to visualize the size, shape, and location of a tumor. •MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the kidneys, •Chest X-ray and Bone Scan: These tests may be used to check for any spread of the cancer to other organs or bones
- 16. 2. Biopsy : •Ifthe imaging tests suggest a kidney tumor, your doctor may recommend a biopsy, which involves taking a small sample of tissue from the tumor for examination under a microscope. •A biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and aggressiveness of the tumor.
- 17. MANAGEMENT - For localizedrenal tumors, the primary treatment is surgical removal, either through partial or radical nephrectomy, depending on the tumor's size and location. - For advanced or metastatic kidney cancer, options include targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and in some cases, chemotherapy.
- 18. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT •Partial Nephrectomy: •Thisis the preferred approach for localized, small tumors, allowing • for the preservation of kidney function and minimizing the risk of chronic kidney disease.
- 19. •Radical Nephrectomy: •This involvesremoving the entire kidney and surrounding • tissues, including the adrenal gland, Gerota's fascia, and proximal ureter. It's often the standard for larger or more advanced tumors. .
- 20. •Laparoscopic or Robotic-AssistedSurgery: •These minimally invasive techniques offer advantages such as smaller incisions. shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery compared to open surgery,
- 21. ADJUVANT RADIATION - Adjuvantradiotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that involves using radiation therapy after the primary treatment, such as surgery - To help prevent cancer recurrence or spread. - It's essentially additional treatment aimed at reducing the risk of the cancer coming back after the initial treatment has been completed.
- 23. Radiation therapy Radiation therapycan be used on the kidney to kill the cancer cells. It also can help control or reduce symptoms of kidney cancer that has spread to other areas of the body, such as the bones and brain. Targeted therapy Targeted therapy for cancer treatment.Targeted therapies identify and block proteins or other molecules on or within cancer cells that are essential for their growth and survival. Immunotherapy Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body's immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off cancer and other cells that shouldn't be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells.
- 24. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy treats cancerwith strong medicines. Many chemotherapy medicines exist. Most are given through a vein. Usually, kidney cancers are resistant to chemotherapy. However, it may be used for certain rare types of kidney cancer. Palliative care Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. A healthcare team that may include doctors, nurses and other specially trained health professionals provides palliative care. The care team's goal is to improve quality of life for you and your family.
- 25. NURSING MANAGEMENT •Provide psychologicalsupport •Acupuncture. •Art therapy. •Exercise. •Massage therapy. •Meditation. •Music therapy. •Relaxation exercises. •Spirituality.