B.Sc.-Ag.-Curriculum-New-2080-AFU.ppt form

AFU BULLETIN
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
Course Bulletin of B. Sc. Agriculture
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
www.afu.edu.np
2080

2
B.Sc. Agriculture Program (Agriculture and Forestry University/Nepal)
SEMESTERWISE DISTRIBUTION OF COURSES
for B. Sc. Ag. Program
FIRST Semester
S.N.
Course
Code
Course Title Cr. Hr.
1. PLB 101 Fundamentals of Genetics 2 + 1
2. HRT 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 2 + 1
3. AGR 101 Fundamentals of Agronomy 2 + 1
4. AEC 101 Fundamentals of Economics 2 + 0
5. ABC 101 Agricultural Biochemistry 2 + 1
6. SSC 101 Fundamentals of Soil Science 2 + 1
7. ANI 101 Fundamentals of Livestock and Poultry Production Management 2 + 1
8. AQU 101 Fundamentals of Aquaculture 1 + 1
TOTAL 15 +7

3
Course Code: PLB 101
Course Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS
Credit Hours: 3 (2+1) Full Marks: 75 Theory: 50 Practical: 25
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this course, the students will be able to understand the science of
genetics in terms of chromosomal characters, the fundamental principles of genetics, and solve
the numerical problems related to inheritance of qualitative, quantitative and cytoplasmic
characters.
SYLLABUS
Introduction, scope, relationship with other sciences and history of genetics; Cell cycle and
Cell division (mitosis and meiosis); Life cycles (maize, human, virus and bacteria); Mendelian
genetics; Gene action and interactions; Probability and chi square testing; Linkage and crossing
over; Sex determination and sex linkage; Extra nuclear/maternal/cytoplasmic inheritance;
Nucleic acids; Gene regulation and transposable genetic elements; Mutation; Chromosomal
aberrations.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
Unit Lecture Outlines No. of Lectures
1. Genetics: scope and applications 1
2. A brief history of genetics: Cell theory, microscopy and experiments leading
to modern genetics
1
3. Organization of genetic materials in organisms: Chromosomal structure of
model organisms and karyotyping
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
interference
1
21. Sex determination, applicability of sex determination, identification and
control of sex
1
22. Mechanism of sex determination in plants and animals 1
maize
12. Introduction to Mendelian genetics
13. Mendel’s laws of inheritance, back cross and test cross
14. Probability and chi-square test in Mendelian genetics
15. Gene actions (allelic)
16. Gene interaction (non-allelic)
17. Pleiotropic gene, gene penetrance and expressivity
18. Linkage and it’s types
19. Crossing over and recombination
20. Linkage map, Three-point test cross, coefficient of coincidence and
4. Cell cycle: Mitosis
5. Cell cycle: Meiosis
6. Units of inheritance: Nucleic acid, history and molecular structure
7. DNA and RNA: Types, Macromolecular structure, gene and its function
8. Replication and repair of DNA
9. Transcription and post transcriptional modification
10. Genetic Code, translation and post translational regulation in prokaryotes
11. Exchange of genetic materials (Virus and bacteria) and reproductive cycle of

4
23. Sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced traits 1
24. Organelle genes (mitochondrial and Chloroplast genome) 1
25.
Cyt Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effect 1
26.
Mu Mutation 1
27. Structural chromosomal aberrations 1
28. Numerical chromosomal aberrations 1
29. Gene regulation in prokaryotes 1
30. Transposable genetic elements 1
TOTAL 30
B. Practical
S.N. Experiments No. of Practical
1. Study of heredity and variation 2
2. Study of mitosis and meiosis 2
3. Study of reproductive biology of field crops 2
4. Numerical analysis of Mendel’s laws of inheritance 2
5. Numerical analysis of gene action and interaction 2
6. Numerical analysis of linkage 2
7. Numerical analysis of sex determination and sex linkage 1
8. Study of DNA and RNA 1
9. Introduction to molecular genetics laboratory 1
TOTAL 15
TEXTBOOKS
1. Singh, B.D. (2003). Genetics. Kalyani Publishers India.
2. Strickberger, M.W. (2012). Genetics. New Delhi: Prentice Hall India Learning Private
Limited, India.
REFERENCES
1. Benjamin, A.P. (2012). Genetics: A Conceptual Approach. New York: W.H. Freeman &
Company.
2. Gardner, E.J., Michael, J.S., & Snustad, D.P. (2011). Principles of Genetics. Wiley India
Pvt. Limited.
3. Gardner, M.J.S., & Simmons, D.P.S. (2016). Principles of Genetics. Wiley India Pvt.
Limited.
4. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Carroll, S.B., & Doebley, J. (2012). An Introduction to
Genetic Analysis. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
5. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Carroll, S.B., & Doebley, J.F. (2015). Introduction to
Genetic Analysis. New York: W.H. Freeman & Company.
6. Gupta, P. K. (2007). Cytogenetics. Rastogi Publications.
7. Mahabal, R. (2010). Fundamentals of Cytogenetics and Genetics. Prentice Hall India
Learning Private Limited.
8. Robert, J.B. (1999). Genetics: Analysis and Principles. Addison-Wesley.
9. Singh, B.D. (2007). Fundamentals of Genetics. Kalyani Publishers India.
10. Singh, R.J. (2021). Plant Cytogenetics. Taylor & Francis Group.
11. Tamarin, R. H., & Leavitt R. W. (1991). Principles of Genetics. Dubuque, Iowa: Brown
Publishers.

5
Course Code: HRT 101
Course Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE
Credit Hours: 3(2+1) Full Marks: 75 Theory: 50 Practical: 25
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this course, the students will get basic knowledge and skills on general
horticulture.
SYLLABUS
Meaning, branches and relation of horticulture with other discipline, History, present status,
importance, scope, constrains, national policies in horticultural development of Nepal.
classification of horticulture plants, status of horticulture development in Nepal, factors
affecting horticulture crop production and measures to overcome them, general introduction to
various types of horticulture enterprises, orchard establishment and management, basics of
plant propagation and various methods, growth and development of horticultural plants, major
classes of plant growth regulator and their classification and uses;, basic principles, types and
objectives, applications of training and pruning, basic principles of off- season and protected
horticulture, organic horticulture crop production in Nepal, basic principles of high density
planting, multi- storied cropping and multiple cropping with horticultural crops, indigenous
horticulture plants in Nepal, principle of urban and peri-urban horticulture, viticulture,
hydroponics and aeroponics, and riverbed farming.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
1. Meaning of horticulture, its branches and its relation with other disciplines 1
2. History, present status, and national policies in horticultural development in
Nepal. Importance, scope, and constrains of horticultural development in
Nepal. Importance, scope, present status, national policy and plan for
horticultural development in Nepal along with major constraints
1
3. Classification of horticultural crops
3.1. Botanical based classification of horticultural crops
3.2. Horticulturally based classification of horticultural crops
1
1
4. Agro-ecological zoning and nitches from horticultural perspective
4.1 Economic significance of Agro ecological zoning of Nepal 1
5. Factors affecting horticultural crop production
5.1. Various environmental stress (moisture, temperature, light, flood and
salt)
5.2. Measures to overcome them
1
1
6. General introduction to types of horticultural enterprises (Orcharding,
nursery raising, ornamental gardening, vegetable farming and postharvest
handling & preservation)
1
7. Orchard establishment and management
7.1. Site selection and layout of orchard
7.2. Planting, soil and water management, wind break and shelter belts
7.3. Manuring and fertilization, weed management, maintenance and care.
1
1
1
8. Basics of plant propagation
8.1. Introduction of plant propagation, sexual method 1

6
8.2. Asexual method
8.3. Cutting and layering
8.4. Budding and grafting
8.5. Specialized vegetative parts, micro and mist propagation
1
1
1
9. Growth and development
9.1. Concept of growth and development, dormancy
9.2. Germination and juvenility
9.3. Flowering, fruit set, fruit growth and development
9.4. Maturity, unfruitfulness and fruit drops
9.5. Ripening, tuber, rhizome and bulb development; senescence.
1
1
1
1
1
10. Plant growth regulators
10.1. Major classes of plant growth substances (auxin, gibberellins,
cytokinins, ethylene and inhibitors) and their functions
10.2. Commercial uses of PGR in Horticulture
1
1
11. Training and pruning
11.1. Basic principles and objectives of training and pruning
11.2. Various system/methods of training and pruning and their application
1
1
12. Basic principles and techniques of off-season and protected horticulture and
their prospects in Nepal
1
13. Importance and prospects of organic horticulture crop production in Nepal 1
14. Basic principles of high-density planting, multi-storied cropping and multiple 1
15. Cropping in horticultural crops 1
16. Importance and prospects of indigenous horticultural plants and their
significance in nutritional and food security in Nepal
1
17. Principles of urban and peri-urban horticulture; verticulture, hydroponics,
aeroponics and river bed farming.
1
TOTAL 30
B. Practical
1. Mapping of Nepal in terms of agro-climatic zones and depict regions for
growing
1
2. major horticultural crops
3. Identification of seasonal fruits, vegetables, spices and ornamental plants 1
4. Identification of horticultural tools and equipment; manures and fertilizers;
5. hormones and micronutrients 1
6. Orchard layout for different system of fruit planting 1
7. Preparation of pit for planting fruit saplings 1
8. Propagation practice in seasonal hort. plants:
8.1. Cutting
8.2. Layering
8.3. Grafting
8.4. Budding
8.5. Seeding
1
1
1
1
1
9. Training practice in seasonal hort. plants 1
10. Pruning practice in different methods 1
11. Preparation and application of Bordeaux formulation 1
12. Project developed on horticultural enterprises 1
13. Study of Horticultural farms 1
TOTAL 15

7
TEXTBOOKS
1. ICAR. (2002). Handbook of Horticulture (Vol. I & II). ICAR, New Delhi, India.
2. Singh, A. (2013). Horticulture At a Glance. Kalyani Publisher, India. ISBN
9789327227604.
3. Singh, J. (2020). Fundamentals of Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers. ISBN 9390104076.
REFERENCES
1. Bakshi, P., Kour, K., & Jasrotia, A. (2019). Fundamentals of Horticulture. ISBN
9789388668071.
2. Chadha, K. L. (ed.) (2001). Handbook of Horticulture. ICAR-India.
3. Chadha, K., Viswanath, C., & Dutt, S. (ed.) (2002). Handbook of Horticulture. ICAR-India.
4. Chattopadhyay, T. (2007). A Text Book on Pomology (Subtropical fruits). vol I. Kalayani
Publishers, India.
5. Chattopadhyay, T. (2014). A Textbook of Pomology, Volume II: Tropical Fruits. Kalyani
Publishers, India.
6. Prajapati, S. (2022). Fundamentals of Horticulture. ISBN 978-93-92953-02-6.
Course Code: AGR 101
Course Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRONOMY
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this course, the students will be able to explain soil and climatic factors
in relation to increasing field crop productivity and the basic principles underlying the
successful crop production.
SYLLABUS
Overview of agriculture and agronomy, weather and climate, tillage, seed and seed quality,
cropping system, soil fertility and productivity, soil erosion, weed management, irrigation and
draining, crop ideo-type and crop density in relation to successful field crop production.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
1. Overview of Agriculture and Agronomy
1.1 Definition, history and importance of agriculture
1.2 Subsistence and commercial agriculture, green revolution, global
trend of agriculture
1.3 Agricultural trade trends and challenges in developing nations
1.4 Food and nutritional security status, emerging threat and role of
agronomist in solving these problems in Nepal
1.5 Different types of crops grown in different agro-ecologies of Nepal,
difference between horticultural and agronomical crops
1
1
1
1
1
1

8
1.6 Classification of agronomical crops based on growing season,
agronomic and special purpose classification
1.7 Classification of agronomical crops based on growing season,
agronomic and special purpose classification
1
2. Weather and Climate
2.1 Definition of weather, climate, microclimate, meteorology and agro
meteorology
2.2 Elements of climate: solar radiation and temperature and their effects
on crop growth and phenology
2.3 Precipitation, relative humidity and wind and their effects on crop
growth
2.4 Climate change issues and its effect on crop selection and productivity.
1
1
1
1
3. Tillage
3.1 Definition, history, objective of tillage, soil tilth, effect of tillage on
chemical, physical and biological properties of soil
3.2 Types and method of tillage, primary, secondary and inter tillage
3.3 Conventional and conservation tillage and their advantages and
disadvantages
1
1
1
4. Seed Science and Technology
4.1 Definition of seed, and seed material and seed technology,
characteristics of quality seed and its importance
4.2 Introduction to seed germination, viability, vigor, dormancy, different
classes of seed, and seed certification
1
1
5. Cropping system
5.1 Definition of sole crop, monoculture, cropping pattern, cropping
system, farming system, multiple cropping, sequence cropping, inter
cropping, mixed cropping and relay cropping
5.2 Definition of cropping index, cropping intensity and land equivalent
ratio; crop rotation - principles and advantages of crop rotation
1
1
6. Soil fertility and Productivity
6.1 Soil fertility and soil productivity, criteria of essentiality of elements,
classification of essential elements, forms of elements used by crops
6.2 Fertilizers, manures and bio-fertilizer: importance and their relative
advantages and disadvantages
6.3 Factor affecting fertilizers use, time and method of fertilizer
application
1
1
1
7. Weed
7.1 Definition, losses and benefits of weed, classification
7.2 Management of weeds, prevention, eradication and control
1
1
8. Irrigation and drainage
8.1 Role of water, water requirement, definition and objectives of
irrigation
8.2 Irrigation and drainage methods
8.3 Scheduling of irrigation, adverse effect of drought and water logging
1
1
1
9. Soil erosion and conservation
9.1 Definition of soil erosion, types of water and wind erosion,
conservation practices
1
10. Crop ideotype
10.1 Ideotype concept, traits for ideotype, characteristics ideotype of rice,
wheat and maize, concept of harvest index
1
1

9
10.2 Crop density, optimum plant population, factor affecting optimum
plant population
11. Advancement of Agronomy
11.1 Use of IT technologies in agriculture, their need and challenges
1
TOTAL 30
B. Practical
1. Identification of equipment and farm implements 1
2. Collection and identification of seeds of field crops 1
3. Seed purity and germination test 1
4. Seed rate calculation based on germination and purity and real value of
seed
1
5. Layout and field preparation 1
6. Planting of seasonal field crops 1
7. Intercultural operations in field crops 1
8. Identification and nutrient contents of common manures and fertilizers 1
9. Calculation of fertilizers and manures 1
10. Methods of fertilizer application in field crops 1
11. Identification of common weeds and weed control of field crops 1
12. Calculation of herbicides for application 1
13. Study of cropping system of nearby farms 1
14. Calculation of cropping intensity, cropping index and land equivalent
ration
1
15. Visit and study of AFU-college Agronomy farm 1
TOTAL 15
TEXTBOOKS
1. Reddy, S.R. (2019). Fundamentals of Agronomy. Kalyani Publications, India.
2. Kumar, R., Yadav, S., & Kumar, M. (2020). Fundamentals of Agronomy: A Text Book.
AkiNik Publications, India. ISBN: 9789390420711.
REFERENCES
1. Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2016). The Nature and Properties of Soils (15th ed.). Pearson.
2. Lalitha, B.S., Sannagoudar, M.S., & Reddy, G. (2021). Fundamentals of Agronomy. New
India Publishing Agency, India. ISBN 9789390512089.
3. Lantican, R.M. (2001). The Science and Practices of Crop Production. UPLB,
Philippines: SEAMEO SEARCA Publication.
4. Reddy, T. Y., & Reddi, G.H. S. (1997). Principles of Agronomy (2nd ed.). Ludhiana:
Kalyani Publishers.
5. Sharma, K. P., Dahal, K.R., & Neupane, K. R. (1991). An Introduction to Agronomy.
Rampur, Chitwan: IAAS Publication.

10
Course code: AEC 101
Course Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMICS
OBJECTIVES
After completion of this course, students will have basic understanding of economic theories
related to production, consumption, distribution and welfare which are more applicable in the
field of agricultural economics
SYLLABUS
Concept and definition of Economics; Subject matter, nature and relationship with other
disciplines; Concepts of economic terms: Goods, service, utility, value, price, wealth and
welfare; Theories of consumption and indifference curves, law of demand and supply, elasticity
of demand and supply, cost and production functions and their relationship; Market structure
and price analysis; Concept, classification, characteristics and theories of land, labor, capital
and organization; Concept of welfare economics and Pareto optimality; Concept and
measurement of national income.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
1. Terminologies – goods, service, utility, value, wealth, price, capital,
income equilibrium, production, consumption want and welfare
Concept and definition of economics
Definition, characteristics, merits and demerits of Adam Smith ‘s definition
Definition, characteristics, merits and demerits of Marshall’s definition
Definition, characteristics, merits and demerits of Robbin ‘s definition
2
1
1
2. Subject matter, nature, relationship and importance of economics 2
3. Theories of consumer behavior:
Cardinal approach, Ordinal approach: concepts, assumptions and
differences
Concept, assumptions, application and exceptions of law of diminishing
Marginal utility
Concept, assumptions, application and exceptions of law of equi-marginal
utility
Indifference curves and their analysis – concept, types, and properties
Price effect, income effect and substitution effect on normal, Giffen and
inferior goods
2
1
2
4. Demand: Definition, determinants, law of demand, demand schedule and
change in demand
Price elasticity of demand: definition, types, measurement and uses
Income elasticity, cross elasticity and their uses, relationship among
elasticities
1
1
2
5. Supply: Law of supply, determinants of supply and elasticity of supply 1
6. Cost: Types of cost and relationships between different cost curves
Importance of cost concept
1
1

11
7. Market: Concept and characteristics of different market structures 1
8. Price and output determination under perfect competitive market
Price and output determination under monopoly market
Price and output determination under monopolistic markets
1
1
1
9. Land: concept, classification and characteristics and theories of rent -
Ricardian and modern theory of rent 1
10. Labor: Concept, classification, and characteristics and theories of wages
(subsistence, modern and marginal productivity theory of wages)
Theory of population (Malthusian and optimum theory of population)
1
1
11. Capital – Concept, classification, characteristics 1
12. Theories of interest (Keynes liquidity preference theory, Classical theory
of the rate of interest)
1
13. Organization – concept, classification, and theories of profit 1
14. National income and Welfare economics:
National income: Concept, measurement and difficulties in measurement
Welfare economics: Concept and Pareto optimality
1
1
TOTAL 30
TEXTBOOKS
1. Barkley, A., & Barkley, P. W. (2023). Principles of Agricultural Economics (4th ed.). ISBN
9781032435770.
2. Singh, C. B., & Singh, R. K. (2011). A Text Book of Agricultural Economics. Laxmi
Publications (P) Ltd., India. ISBN 9789380856339.
3. Sadhu, A. N., Singh, A., & Singh, J. (2022). Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics (11th
ed.). Himalaya Publishing House. ISBN 978-93-5202-964-8.
REFERENCES
1. Ahuja, H. L. (2005). Economic Theories: Principles and Applications.
2. Chopra, P. N. (2000). Principles of Economics. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Dewett, K. K. (2005). Economic Theories.
4. Hirshleifer, J. (1987). Price Theory and Its Application. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
5. TNAU (ed.). Principles of Agricultural Economics. Retrieved from
https://www.agrimoon.com/wp-content/uploads/Principles-of-Agricultural-
Economics.pdf
6. McConnell, C.R. (1975). Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies. McGraw-Hill,
USA.

12
Course Code : ABC 101
Course Title : AGRICULTURAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Credit Hours : 3 (2+1) Full Marks: 75 Theory: 50 Practical: 25
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this course, the students will be able to understand the basics of
biochemistry which includes the structures, functions and metabolism of major biomolecules.
SYLLABUS
Introduction, concepts, importance, pH, buffer, structures, functions and classifications of
major biomolecules, biosynthesis and degradation of biomolecules, central metabolic pathways
and their significance
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Lecture
1 Introduction
1.1 Concepts, scope, importance and application of biochemistry in agriculture 1
1.2 Structure of water, its importance in biological reactions 1
1.3 pH and buffer with their applications 1
2 Biochemistry of carbohydrates
2.1 Definitions, classification and functions of carbohydrates 1
2.2 Structure and source of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and lactose 1
2.3 Structure and source of cellulose, chitin, and starch 1
2.4 Isomerism of monosaccharides: optical isomers, anomers and epimers of
glucose
1
3 Biochemistry of amino acids and proteins
3.1 Definition, functions and structure of standard amino acids 1
3.2 Classification of standard amino acids according to side chain, metabolism
and nutritional value
1
3.3 Properties of amino acids and their importance in plant metabolism 1
3.4 Definitions, classification and functions of proteins 1
3.5 Structural organization of proteins and their significance 1
4 Biochemistry of Lipids
4.1 Definition, types and structure of fatty acids, essential fatty acids and their
roles
1
4.2 Definition, functions,structures and classification of lipids 1
4.3 Structure and functions of phytosterols 1
5 Biochemistry of Nucleic acids
5.1 Structure and functions of nitrogenous base, nucleoside and nucleotides 1
5.2 Structure and functions of DNA 1
5.3 Structure and functions of RNA 1
6 Enzymes
6.1 Introduction, properties and classification of enzymes 1
6.2 Factors affecting enzyme activity 1
6.3 Mechanism of enzyme action 1

13
6.4 Enzyme inhibition, types and its significance in plant metabolism 1
7 Carbohydrate metabolism
7.1 Biosynthesis of sucrose and starch in plants 1
7.2 Glycolysis: types and role in plant metabolism 1
7.3 TCA cycle and its role as central metabolic pathway 1
7.4 Electron transport chain system of mitochondria and its inhibitors 1
8 Amino acid and protein metabolism
8.1 Reactions of amino acids: Transamination, deamination, decarboxylation
and their importance in plants
1
8.2 Biosynthesis of protein and its importance 1
9 Lipid metabolism
9.1 Biosynthesis of Triacyl glycerol and its role in plant metabolism 1
9.2 Beta oxidation of fatty acids with reference to palmitic acid 1
TOTAL 30
B. Practical
1. Introduction and use of laboratory equipment and glass wares 1
2. Preparation of standard solutions: normal, molar and percentage solution 1
3. Preparation of buffer solutions and determination of pH 1
4. Qualitative tests of carbohydrates 2
5. Qualitative estimation of amino acids 1
6. Qualitative estimation of protein 2
7. Precipitation reactions of proteins 1
8. Qualitative estimation of lipids 1
9. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates 1
10. Quantitative estimation of amino acids and proteins 1
11. Demonstration of spectrophotomer and colorimeter 1
12. Demonstration of paper and thin layer chromatography 1
13. Demonstration of configuration methods 1
TOTAL 15
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Shakya, L., S. Sapkota & S. Khanal (2017). Textbook of biochemistry. Makalu Publication
House, Kathmandu, Nepal.
2. Lehninger, A. L. (2021). Biochemistry: 2021 Reprint of 1975. Kalyani Publishers, India.
ISBN 9788176630962.
3. Jain, J. L., Jain, N., & Jain, S. (2004). Fundamentals of Biochemistry. S. Chand Publishing.
ISBN 9789352838301.
REFERENCES
1. Weil, J. H. (1990). General Biochemistry. Wiley Eastern, Limited, India.
2. Chesworth, J. M., Stuchbury, T., & Scaife, J. R. (2012). An Introduction to Agricultural
Biochemistry. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780412643903.
3. Conn, E. E., Stumpf, P. K., Bruening, G., & Doi, R. H. (2006). Outlines Of Biochemistry
(5th ed.). Wiley India. ISBN 9788126509300.
4. Jayaraman, J. (2011). Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry. New Age International
Publisher. ISBN 9788122430493.

14
5. Kumar, P., Mulukuri, S., Hacholli, V. B., & Bonthu, M. G. (2023). A Textbook on the
Concepts of Biochemistry. White Falcon Publishing. ISBN 9781636408323.
6. Manpal, R. (2012). Handbook of Biochemistry. Agrotech Press. ISBN 9789383101290.
7. Plummer, D. T. (2001). Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company. India.
8. Rao, A. V. S. S. R. (2006). A Textbook of Biochemistry. UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt.
Limited. ISBN 9788174765697.
9. Satyanaryana, U., & Chakrapani, U. (2021). Essentials of Biochemistry. Elsevier India.
ISBN 9788131264973.
Course Code: SSC 101
Course Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this course, the students will be able to understand soils in relation to
crop production, identify soil reaction for the amendment of different types of soil condition,
and ecological perspectives in relation with geology.
SYLLABUS
Introduction: Definitions of related terminologies, historical development of soil science,
concepts of soil, ecosystem services of and functions of soil and soil as a natural body; Soils in
relation to agricultural production, soil physical properties; soil chemical properties; Soil
colloids: ion exchange phenomena; Geology in relation to soils; soil ecology: The ecosystem,
soil animals, nutrient cycling, soil organisms and environmental quality, soil health and soil
quality.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
1. Introduction of Soil
1.1. Definition and concept of soil
1.2. Ecosystem services and functions of soil
1.3. Pedological and Edhaphological approach of soil study
1.4. Soil pedosphere
1.5. Soil as a natural and three-dimensional dynamic body
1.6. Soil profile and horizons
1.7. Historical development of soil science, Branches of soil science
4
2. Soil formation process
2.1. Basic and Pedogenic process
2.2. Soil forming factors
2
3. Soil physical properties
3.1. Soil Texture: soil separates, soil textural classes and use of soil textural
triangle, Stoke’s law and specific surface area of soil separates
6

15
3.2. Soil structure: types of soil structure, Grades soil structure, soil
aggregates and aggregate formation process, Factors affecting soil
aggregate formation,
3.3. Tillage and soil structural management
3.4. Soil color
3.5. Soil density: Particle density and Bulk density, Soil porosity: Types of
soil pores, factors affecting soil porosity
3.6. Soil consistency: Soil consistency at various moisture levels
4. Soil chemical properties:
4.1. Soil pH and nutrient availability
4.2. Soil acidity: Causes of soil acidity, types or pools of soil acidity,
management of acidic soils, buffering capacity of soils
4.3. Soil alkalinity: causes of soil alkalinity, measuring salinity and sodicity,
classes of salt affected soil, management of saline and sodic soils
4
5. Soil colloids: Properties of Soil Colloids and its types, Layer silicates clay
structure, types of layer silicate clay structure, structural characteristics of
non-silicate colloids, sources of charges on colloids, genesis of soil colloids
4
6. Ion Exchange Phenomena
6.1. Adsorption of cations and anions
6.2. Cation exchange: Principles of cation exchange reactions, cation
exchange capacity, factors affecting cation exchange capacity, cation
saturation and nutrient availability
6.3. Anion exchange: AEC and its importance in agriculture
2
7. Rocks and minerals
7.1. Rocks: formation of rocks, types of rocks
7.2. Soil forming minerals: types of minerals
7.3. Weathering of rocks and minerals: types of weathering, factors affecting
weathering
3
8. Ecology of soil organisms
8.1. Diversity of soil organisms in soil, Abundance and microbial activity of
soil organisms
8.2. Importance of soil organisms in soil fertility, productivity and
environment quality, producers, consumers and decomposer;
1
2
9. Soil health and soil quality
9.1. Concept of soil health and soil quality
9.2. Indicators of soil health and soil quality
9.3. Soil resistance and resilience
2
TOTAL 30
B. Practical
1. Identification and function of soil science laboratory equipment 1
2. Collection and Preparation of soil sample 1
3. Soil textural determination by Field methods 1
4. Soil consistency determination 1
5. Particle size analysis by hydrometer method 2
6. Soil structure determination 1
7. Determination of soil color 1
8. Determination of bulk density of soil 1

16
9. Determination of Particle density of soil 1
10. Determination of soil pH 1
11. Determination of lime requirement in acid soil 1
12. Identification of soil forming minerals 1
13. Identification of soil forming rocks 1
14. Study of soil as a natural body 1
TOTAL 15
TEXTBOOKS
1. Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2014). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson. United
Kingdom.
2. Mehra, R. K. (Ed.) (2011). Textbook of Soil Science. ICAR, India.
3. Ray, S. K., Bhattacharyya, T., Chandran, P., & D C Nayak, D. C. (2023). Fundamentals of
Soil Science. Biogreen Books, India.
4. Thompson, B. (2022). Fundamentals of Soil Science. Bookfort. ISBN 9781839370847.
REFERENCES:
1. Bottomley, P. J., Angle, J. S., Weaver, R. W. (Eds.). (2014). Methods of Soil Analysis,
Part 2: Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. Wiley Publications.
2. Dane, J. H., Topp, C. G. (Eds.). (2018). Methods of Soil Analysis (Part 4): Physical
Methods. Soil Science Society of America/Wiley Publication.
3. Giri, B., & Varma, A. (2020). Soil Health. Springer.
4. Hamon, A. (2021). Introduction to Soil Microbiology. Oxford Book Company. India.
ISBN 9789350306628.
5. Karlen, D. L., Stott, D. E., Mikha, M. M. (Eds.). (2021). Soil Health Series Volume 1:
Approaches to Soil Health Analysis. Soil Science Society of America.
6. Khan, A., & Chaudhary, K. (2018). Laboratory Manual of Microbiology and Soil
Science. Arcler Education Inc. ISBN 9781773613352.
7. Millar, C. E., & Turk, L. M. (2002). Fundamentals of Soil Science. Biotech Books. India.
8. Naresh, R. K., et al. (2022). Soil Conservation and Watershed Management. Narendra
Publishing House, New Delhi, India. ISBN 9789390309368.
9. Paramasivan, M., Kumar, S. N., & Rajasekar, M. (2023). Textbook of Soil Fertility and
Nutrient Management. OrangeBooks Publication, India. ISBN 9789356212886.
10. Richards, C., & Gaurav, S. S. (2015). Handbook of Soil Genesis and Classification.
Saujanya Books. India. ISBN 9789384556099.
11. Scott, H. D. (2000). Soil Physics: Agricultural and Environmental Applications. Iowa
State University Press. ISBN 0813820871.
12. Shit, P. K., Adhikary, P. P., Bhunia, G. S., & Sengupta, D. (2022). Soil Health and
Environment Sustainability: Application of Geospatial Technology. Springer.
13. Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H. (Eds.). (2020). Methods of Soil
Analysis (Part 3): Chemical Methods (1st ed.). ACSESS Publication.

17
Course Code: ANI 101
Course Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of the course, the students will be able to understand the domestication
of farm animals and avian species; they will also be able to know general husbandry practices
of farm animals and avian species.
SYLLABUS
Introduction, commonly used terms of animal husbandry and poultry. Importance, scope and
constraints of livestock and poultry farming in Nepal. Zoological classification of farm animals
and poultry birds. Most common breeds of farm animals and poultry birds. Differences between
ruminants and non-ruminants animals. Common housing system of farm animals and poultry.
Identification ageing, weighing, castration, dehorning/debudding of farm animals. Restraining
and handling of farm animals. Marketing and transportation of farm animals and poultry.
Importance and types of farm record. Sign of good health, factor affecting health of farm
animals. Stress amelioration practices of farm animals. Care and management of different
livestock species. Farm waste management and recycling. Marketing and Transportation of
livestock and birds. Importance, types and methods of farm records.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
1. Introduction, commonly used terms of animal husbandry and poultry 1
2. Importance, scope and constraints of livestock and poultry farming in Nepal 1
3. Zoological classification of farm animals (ruminant and non-ruminant)
animals and poultry birds
1
4. Common breeds of farm animals
4.1. Common Indigenous and exotic cattle and their characteristics
4.2. Common Indigenous and exotic buffalo and their characteristics
4.3. Common Indigenous and exotic goat and their characteristics
4.4. Common Indigenous and exotic sheep and their characteristics
4.5. Common Indigenous and exotic swine and their characteristics
4.6. Common Indigenous and exotic poultry birds and their characteristics
1
1
1
1
1
1
5. Determination of age, weighing, judging and selection of animals 2
6. Livestock Husbandry Practices:
6.1. Restraining of livestock and birds
6.2. Handling of farm animals
6.3. Identification of farm animals and birds
6.4. Tooth cutting of piglets
6.5. Castration of livestock
6.6. Dehorning of cattle and goat
6.7. Grooming of livestock
6.8. Dipping and Drenching of livestock
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

18
6.9. Debeaking of poultry
6.10. Shearing of sheep and rabbit
1
1
7. Care and management of livestock
7.1. Care and management of newly born animals
7.2. Care and management of pregnant and lactating animals
7.3. Care and management of bullock, breeding bull and sick animal
1
1
1
8. Common managemental practices of poultry
8.1. Common managemental practices of commercial broilers birds
8.2. Common managemental practices of commercial layers birds
1
1
9. Common housing system of farm animals and poultry 1
10. Farm waste management and recycling 1
11. Marketing and transportation of farm animals and poultry 1
12. Farm record: Importance, types and methods of farm recording 1
TOTAL 30
B. Practical
1. Study of commonly used farm equipment and machineries 1
2. Study of external body parts of farm animals and poultry birds 1
3. Identification/numbering of farm animals and poultry 1
4. Identification of breeds of farm animals and poultry 2
5. Casting and handling of farm animals 1
6. Castration of farm animals 1
7. Dehorning/disbudding of farm animals 1
8. Milking methods and practices 1
9. Estimation of body weight through body measurement of farm animals 1
10. Age determination by dentition of farm animals 1
11. Poultry brooding practices 1
12. Differences between layers and loafers 1
13. Composting of different farm wastes 1
14. Study of different types of farm records 1
TOTAL 15
TEXTBOOKS
1. Banerjee, G. C. (2018). Poultry (4th ed.). CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi. ISBN
978-8120417809.
2. Banerjee, G. C. (2020). A Textbook of Animal Husbandry (8th ed.). CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi. ISBN 9788120412606.
3. Sastry, N. S. R., Thomas, C. K., & Singh, R. A. (1991). Livestock Production and
Management. Kalyani Publishers, India.
REFERENCES
1. Abraham, J. (2020). Swine Production and Management. Taylor & Francis Group, UK.
2. Bhat, P. N., & Yadav, M. P. (2018). Animal Husbandry Research, Education and
Development. Scientific Publishers, India.
3. Ghosh, N. (2019). Livestock Production Management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., India.
4. ICAR. (2013). Handbook of Animal Husbandry. India.
5. Lewin, B. (2005). Animal Husbandry. ICAR. India.

19
6. Patil, P., & Kele, V. D. (2021). Animal Husbandry and Nutrition. Arcler Education
Incorporated.
7. Ross, C. V. (2010). Sheep Production and Management. Prentice Hall. ISBN
9780138085100.
8. Sreekumar, D., Sreenivasaiah, P. V. (2015). Textbook of Animal Science. Write & Print
Publications. India. ISBN 9788192970578.
Course Code : AQU 101
Course Title : FUNDAMENTALS OF AQUACULTURE
Credit Hours : 2 (1+1) Full Marks: 50 Theory: 25 Practical: 25
OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of the course, the students will be able to explain the characteristics of
cultivable and cultivated fish species, principles and practices of culture systems, various
management required, and disease control.
SYLLABUS
Definition and biological characteristics of cultured fishes; water quality management; pond
management; fish farming systems; fish breeding, nursing and rearing; common fish diseases
and parasites.
COURSE BREAKDOWN
A. Theory Lectures
1. Introduction of fish, fishery and aquaculture
1.1. Definition of fish, fishery and aquaculture; General characteristics of fish
1.2. Desirable characters of fish for culture; Importance of fish.
1
1
2. Biology of cultivated fish species: Morphological characters, feeding habits,
growth rate and reproductive behavior of:
2.1. Indigenous major Carps (Rohu, Mrigal, Catla, Sahar)
2.2. Common carp and Chinese Carps (Silver carp, Bighead carp and Grass carp)
2.3. Tilapia, Trout, Catfishes, and Freshwater prawn
1
1
1
3. Water quality management
3.1. Physical parameters: Temperature, Turbidity
3.2. Chemical parameters: DO and pH; Biological parameters: Plankton
1
1
4. Pond management
4.1. Site selection for pond construction; liming, fertilization, feed and feeding
4.2. Aquatic weeds and predator control
1
1
5. Fish farming systems (FFS)
5.1. Introduction; Classification of FFS on the basis of intensity, enclosure
5.2. Fish species and integration
1
1
6. Fish breeding
6.1. Basic principles of fish breeding
6.2. Fish seed rearing and transportation
1
1

20
7. Common fish diseases and parasites: Introduction, causal organisms, symptoms
and control measures of:
7.1. Saprolegniasis, Tail Rot/Fin Rot, White spot disease
7.2. Dactylogyrosis, Argulosis; and Asphyxiation
1
1
TOTAL 15
B. Practical
1. Visit of a fish farm to study the pond type and measurements 1
2. Morphology of cultivated fishes of Nepal
2.1. Indigenous species
2.2. Exotic carps
2.3. Other exotic species
1
1
1
3. Anatomy of fish- External and Internal 1
4. Water quality measurements (temperature, transparency, DO and pH) 1
5. Pond liming and fertilization 1
6. Feed formulation, feed ingredients and feed types 1
7. Study of different weed/ SIS and predatory fishes 1
8. Collection and identification of common aquatic weeds 1
9. Study of fish hatchery components 1
10. Study of fish breeding equipment 1
11. Study of different fishing gears and pond netting 1
12. Examination of fish for disease diagnosis 1
12. Identification of common drugs and chemicals used in fish health
management
1
TOTAL 15
TEXTBOOKS
1. ICAR (2006). Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India.
2. Shrestha, M.K. and N.P. Pandit. (2012). A Text Book of Principles of Aquaculture
(2nd
Edition). Aquaculture Department, IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.
REFERENCES
1. Jhingran, V.G. and R.S.V. Pullin. (1985). A Hatchery Manual for the common, Chinese
and Indian Major Carps. Asian Development Bank, ICLARM, Manila, Philippines.
2. NACA. (1989). Integrated Fish Farming in China: Technical Manual 7. A World Food
Day Publication of the Network of Aquaculture Centre in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok
Thailand.
3. Parker, R. (2011). Aquaculture Science. Cengage learning.
4. Pillay, T.V.R., & Kutty, M.N. (2005). Aquaculture: Principles and Practices, 2nd
Edition.
Willey-Blackwell.
5. Shrestha T.K. and D.K. Jha. (1993). Introduction to Fish Culture. Institute of Agriculture
and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.
6. Woynarovich, E. and L. Horvath. (1984). The Artificial Propagation of Warm Water
Finfishes: A Manual for Extension. FAO, Rome.
*****

B.Sc.-Ag.-Curriculum-New-2080-AFU.ppt form

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to B.Sc.-Ag.-Curriculum-New-2080-AFU.ppt form

Recently uploaded

B.Sc.-Ag.-Curriculum-New-2080-AFU.ppt form